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The E-MTB drivetrain is an essential component that plays a central role in the comfort and performance of the E-MTB. Designed to withstand the constraints linked to motor assistance, it has specific characteristics which differentiate it from conventional transmissions.

1. General characteristics of the electric E-MTB drivetrain :


Increased robustness: The transmission must withstand high torques generated by the motors (up to 85 Nm for models like Bosch or Shimano EP8).
Durability: The components (chain, cassette, derailleur) are reinforced to resist rapid wear due to the extra power.
Optimization for off-road: It guarantees fluidity and precision in changing gears, even under heavy stress.
Engine Compatibility: E-MTB transmissions are often designed to work in harmony with specific engines.

2. Main components of an electric MTB transmission:

A. Cassette

Type: Wide amplitude (for example, 11-50 or 10-51 teeth).
Materials: Reinforced alloys (steel or aluminum).
Special feature: Allows a wide range of speeds to manage steep climbs and rapid descents.
Example: SRAM EX1 with an 8-speed cassette specifically designed for E-MTB.

B. Chain

Design: Thicker and treated to withstand high tensions.
Special treatments: Anti-corrosion and anti-wear.
Example: KMC E12 or Shimano CN-E8000 chains, optimized for electric assistance.

C. Chainring

Type: Single chainring with narrow-wide technology (narrow and wide teeth to hold the chain in place).
Size: Generally 32 to 38 teeth, adapted to the constraints of electric motors.
Example: Praxis or Shimano chainrings specific for Bosch engines.

D. Derailleur

Type: Rear derailleur often equipped with stabilizers to prevent derailments (e.g. Shadow Plus technology from Shimano).
Robustness: Designed to operate under high voltage.
Example: Shimano Deore XT Di2, SRAM GX Eagle AXS.

E. Crankset

Characteristics: Shorter cranks (160-170 mm) to limit impacts on obstacles.
Compatibility: Suitable for Bosch, Shimano, Yamaha, etc. motors.

3. Mechanical vs electronic transmission:

Mechanical transmission

Benefits :
Reliability and simplicity.
Adapted to extreme conditions.
More accessible cost.
Disadvantages:
Less precision in gear changes under heavy load.

Electronic transmission

Benefits :
Increased precision and speed of gear changes.
Integration with applications for customization (e.g. SRAM AXS, Shimano Di2).
Requires little maintenance.
Disadvantages:
Higher price.
Reliance on a battery for operation.

4. Leading brands and models

Shimano

Specific series:
EP8-compatible transmissions: Compatible with the Shimano EP8 motor.
Deore XT Di2: Precise and efficient electronic transmission.
LinkGlide: Reinforced durability for e-MTBs.

SRAM

Specific series:
EX1: Designed for e-MTBs with an ultra-robust 8-speed cassette.
GX Eagle AXS: Electronic transmission with a wide 12-speed cassette.

FSA

Specializing in cranksets and chainrings compatible with Bosch and Shimano motors.

KMC

Reinforced chains specific for VTTAE, such as the E9 and E12 models.

Bosch

Offers integrated transmission and engine systems with sensors for optimized gear changes.

5. Important technical points:


Motor torque and resistance


E-MTB motors generate high torques, requiring suitable components to avoid premature wear.

Maintenance


Regular lubrication and inspection of components to ensure optimal lifespan.

Shock absorption


Some systems (like stabilizer derailleurs) help absorb impacts on rough terrain.

6. Trends and innovations


Cassettes with low number of speeds: Example: SRAM EX1 with 8 speeds, for increased robustness.
Integrated transmission: Solutions such as the Rohloff hub or Bosch engine-transmission integration.
Software optimization: Customizable settings via applications (SRAM AXS App, Shimano E-Tube).
Conclusion

The electric E-MTB drivetrain combines robustness, durability and precision to provide a smooth and efficient experience, even on the most demanding terrain. The choice between mechanical and electronic transmission will depend on the rider's preferences, budget and specific needs. Rigorous maintenance and informed choice of components ensure optimal long-term performance.

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